Types of research;
- Books - secondary
- Internet - secondary
- Surveys - primary
- Interviews - primary
- Professional talks - primary
- Films/TV Shows - secondary
- Statistics - secondary (sometimes primary)
- Questionnaires - primary
- Newspapers - secondary
- Focus groups - primary
- Journals - secondary
- Undercover/Covert observations primary/secondary
Quantitive research
Quantitive research is research which is undergone by numbers, statistics and ways in which you can get a big data set.
Qualitative research
Qualitative research is research wherein the interviewer usually talks to people and asks them "how do you feel about this topic".
What information might a researcher need?
A researcher will need primary and secondary research so they can conduct their news report in a way wherein they take in both sides of an opinion and so that the story is unbiased. They will need facts and figures so that the argument/story has enough substance to it so it seems believable and so you invest in it. For our video inserts we need evidence to show that the train prices have gone up, we will do this by charts and statistics. To get qualitative research we will interview the general public so we can get their opinions on the view.
Why might they conduct research?
They might conduct research because it helps to make the story more interesting. We will be conducting interviews from both males and females with a wide age range. This is so that it is fair and people from all walks of life are taken into consideration.
They might conduct research because it helps to make the story more interesting. We will be conducting interviews from both males and females with a wide age range. This is so that it is fair and people from all walks of life are taken into consideration.
What would a research need to consider?
Because this news story is about the train prices that have risen it is probably going to be quite biased because no one is going to be happy about the increase so therefore we will try and talk to a Greater Anglia representative so that we can keep the story unbiased or we will get a statement. If not possible we will mention that they refused to talk.
Because this news story is about the train prices that have risen it is probably going to be quite biased because no one is going to be happy about the increase so therefore we will try and talk to a Greater Anglia representative so that we can keep the story unbiased or we will get a statement. If not possible we will mention that they refused to talk.
The Rise in Train Prices - Video Insert
Primary research
Primary research is the first hand research which we need to get ourselves instead of looking at what other people have discovered. One of our video inserts for our news show will be about the rise in train fares. So for the primary research we need to get peoples personal opinions and find out what they think by asking the "what do you think?" questions. The way we will do this is by interviewing the general public at the train station as well as contacting a Greater Anglia representative who we can hopefully speak to in hope that we can keep the article unbiased.
Secondary research
For the secondary research we have been looking on news websites and similar stories which they have presented. This has helped us to develop some information on the topic. We have also looked at government ministers and their opinions and their justifications. Below is some evidence of some of the secondary research.
An average 2.8% increase in rail fares comes into effect on Thursday the 2nd of January, pushing the cost of some commuter travel to more than £5,000 a year. The increase is the smallest rise in four years, according to the pan-industry Rail Delivery Group. Many questions are raised about the constant rise.
Purpose of research
The purpose of us going around doing research is because it gives credibility to a story. Without research, a story could be completely fictitious or biased. So with added research it gives the story some meaning, research also stops you from getting harsh criticism. For example you could get a load of hatred for misrepresenting the issue, so research helps to avoid this. A lot of the research for factual new programmes are conducted by official researchers, these are people that are employed to go out and get hard evidence for a story. They also have to scan and search lots of different archives for different pieces of information. For our factual news programme, I did conducted a fair bit of research for our news stories which we presented, some of the ways in which I did the research was that I scanned various websites. These included the BBCs official website, as this was a more viable option. I also visited the Forum, a massive library in Southend. Here I took out a couple of books and cross references with the internet, so to check it wasn't made up. To further my research, I also did some surveys of students aged between 16-20 and adults aged between 21 and 50.
Elucidated examples of conducting research
Now I have already discussed how research is conducted for factual news programmes. But I am going to further discuss using case studies, how research is conducted for professional factual programming. One of the examples I will use is Richard III - The King In the Car Park. This factual news programme, was a documentary aired on Channel 4 on the 4th of February 2013. The documentary was focusing on uncovering the mystery of a skeleton which had been uncovered under a Leicester Council car park, in this documentary, Channel 4 follow a group of archaeologists and scientists as they search to find the answers to see if this is the lost King Richard the 3rd.
Now this factual programme which was aired is a prime example of how research could have been used, after doing my own research myself. I found out that all the actual research into finding out who the skeleton was, was a scientific and archaeological team who were hired by the state. Channel 4 were then invited along to make a documentary along the way, the reason they were invited is because it all helps the discovery to be more public and seen as it was a rather amazing journey, the need for cameras was a good idea.
I then found out that Channel 4 had to be in complete secrecy about all the findings and everything, so not to ruin the surprise or leak anything to any other new programmes. Channel 4 also had to go out and use their own independent researchers to find out all the information on Richard the 3rd. The reason they had to do this is because for the documentary, a narration would be needed throughout parts of it and having a presenter on board also meant that for the documentary to have some life to it, a bit of history on the past Monarch would be necessary. So I found out that the Channel 4 independent researchers had to interview many different historians on their accounts on what Richard the 3rd was like, as well as talking to university professors and graduates studying this exact King. They also had to search all the history archives to find key bits of information which would be interesting for the program.
For the secondary research we have been looking on news websites and similar stories which they have presented. This has helped us to develop some information on the topic. We have also looked at government ministers and their opinions and their justifications. Below is some evidence of some of the secondary research.
An average 2.8% increase in rail fares comes into effect on Thursday the 2nd of January, pushing the cost of some commuter travel to more than £5,000 a year. The increase is the smallest rise in four years, according to the pan-industry Rail Delivery Group. Many questions are raised about the constant rise.
Purpose of research
The purpose of us going around doing research is because it gives credibility to a story. Without research, a story could be completely fictitious or biased. So with added research it gives the story some meaning, research also stops you from getting harsh criticism. For example you could get a load of hatred for misrepresenting the issue, so research helps to avoid this. A lot of the research for factual new programmes are conducted by official researchers, these are people that are employed to go out and get hard evidence for a story. They also have to scan and search lots of different archives for different pieces of information. For our factual news programme, I did conducted a fair bit of research for our news stories which we presented, some of the ways in which I did the research was that I scanned various websites. These included the BBCs official website, as this was a more viable option. I also visited the Forum, a massive library in Southend. Here I took out a couple of books and cross references with the internet, so to check it wasn't made up. To further my research, I also did some surveys of students aged between 16-20 and adults aged between 21 and 50.
Elucidated examples of conducting research
Now I have already discussed how research is conducted for factual news programmes. But I am going to further discuss using case studies, how research is conducted for professional factual programming. One of the examples I will use is Richard III - The King In the Car Park. This factual news programme, was a documentary aired on Channel 4 on the 4th of February 2013. The documentary was focusing on uncovering the mystery of a skeleton which had been uncovered under a Leicester Council car park, in this documentary, Channel 4 follow a group of archaeologists and scientists as they search to find the answers to see if this is the lost King Richard the 3rd.
Now this factual programme which was aired is a prime example of how research could have been used, after doing my own research myself. I found out that all the actual research into finding out who the skeleton was, was a scientific and archaeological team who were hired by the state. Channel 4 were then invited along to make a documentary along the way, the reason they were invited is because it all helps the discovery to be more public and seen as it was a rather amazing journey, the need for cameras was a good idea.
I then found out that Channel 4 had to be in complete secrecy about all the findings and everything, so not to ruin the surprise or leak anything to any other new programmes. Channel 4 also had to go out and use their own independent researchers to find out all the information on Richard the 3rd. The reason they had to do this is because for the documentary, a narration would be needed throughout parts of it and having a presenter on board also meant that for the documentary to have some life to it, a bit of history on the past Monarch would be necessary. So I found out that the Channel 4 independent researchers had to interview many different historians on their accounts on what Richard the 3rd was like, as well as talking to university professors and graduates studying this exact King. They also had to search all the history archives to find key bits of information which would be interesting for the program.
Audience research
In our production team for our news show we have decided that the shows target audience is aimed at 16-20 year olds. Specifically at students in secondary school, sixth form and university. Therefore we are producing stories which students can engage with. So the rise in train fares will be an issue they can because it is something which is effecting them. One of the reasons why we have chosen to do the story on train fares rising is because it is very recent and many 16-20 year olds are speaking up about it.
Market researchIn our production team for our news show we have decided that the shows target audience is aimed at 16-20 year olds. Specifically at students in secondary school, sixth form and university. Therefore we are producing stories which students can engage with. So the rise in train fares will be an issue they can because it is something which is effecting them. One of the reasons why we have chosen to do the story on train fares rising is because it is very recent and many 16-20 year olds are speaking up about it.
The rise in commuters train fares has heavily impacted news corporations such as the BBC. Although the rise in train fare is a yearly thing, it still makes the front head line. The train prices always cause controversy towards the end and the start of the new year. However not many news companies have revisited the rise in train fares, asking the members of the public how the rise in train fare has effected them a month later.
Although many news articles have touched on where the money goes , and how it is spent.
We similarly will be trying to work out, where all the money goes, and how there using the fare increase to make the train service better. Although we will not be looking at all the different train companies, but will be focusing on one train line, near to the London area.
On the other hand BBC news worked out the price of different train companies to and from London, Working out how much it will cost a year for the average working class to travel. Sadly we have not worked out the prince in which it takes to travel to London from other train companies, even though our News show is for the whole of the UK. This would have been a good idea to put into our VT and to show, as it allows our audience to compeer there train company pre ices with other train company prices.
Production research
Below is the proposed floor plan of what our news studio will look like, and where the camera will be placed. We are starting with one camera in the vision mixing room to be more engaging with the audience, and to allow the presenter to interact with the crew that work behind the scenes. We also plan to have an title sequence which will open the show, this allows the audience to always know what show they are watching when the news programme starts. DFor example on the BBC News show the presenter will stand by a TV screen and inform you with the top 3 or 4 bulletins. There will be a separate area where the camera will film the presenter in front of a TV screen, to allow some news bulletins that need pictures to illustrate the information. This also gives the audience a different setting to look at instead of just watching the two presenters on the sofa. Both BBC news and Breakfast news do this as well, especially when they cut to the local news in your area.
The BBC Breakfast show use a formal, yet informal way of talking to the audience, they way they do this is by sitting in a less formal way, on a sofa. The smaller coffee table and the long sofa, allows the audience to feel that the presenters are sitting in a living room however with the 10 O'Clock News he presenter is sitting at a desk, looking straight into the camera. This formal seating is aimed towards the working class audience who catch the news before they go to bed.
Our news show will inherit both ways of seating, as we will have a high desk, making the presenters sit formally. However when the camera cuts to the the television screen, where a presenter will be standing next to the screen, allowing it to become less formal and more easier on the viewers eyes.
Multi-Camera techniques/Production
A multi-camera production is a production which uses more than one camera to portray different angles and shots. Depending on the budget, a multi camera production could consist of 3-6 cameras, all the way up to 50 to 100. However in this increasing digital era, the need for lots of different cameras isn't always necessary and that is why single camera productions are becoming a lot more popular, single camera productions are also a benefit as they help to save costs. However multi-camera productions are very popular and are often a lot better, the reason I say this is because they help to extend a wide variety of shots and angles, making the project more enjoyable and dramatic. They can also help to stop continuity errors.
All news broadcasting channels will use some form of multi-camera techniques, mainly because it shows a consistent and fresh approach to presenting the news. The multi-camera set up for factual news will usually be in the studio parts of the show, the on scene video inserts for news shows will always normally be a small crew single camera production. The multi-camera set up in the studios is also often robotic and there aren't any camera operators. The reason for this is because often news shows are presented 24 hours a day in a studio and the need for camera operators would be tiresome and would increase costs. So by having 3-5 cameras on a track, which move with the presenters is often a lot more productive and cost effective. Below is an example of a multi-camera setup in a news studio. It is the BBC News Studio.
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